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Tumor

An abnormal growth of cells. It can be benign or malignant.

Benign

A non cancerous growth. It does not spread to other parts of the body.

Malignant

A cancerous growth that can invade nearby tissues. It may spread to distant organs.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. It often indicates advanced disease.

Chemotherapy

A treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may cause side effects due to its strength.

Radiation Therapy

A treatment that uses high energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It targets specific areas.

Biopsy

The removal of tissue for examination. It helps confirm a cancer diagnosis.

Oncologist

A doctor who specializes in cancer treatment. They guide diagnosis and therapy.

Remission

A period when cancer signs decrease or disappear. It may be temporary or long term.

Relapse

The return of cancer after improvement. It may require additional treatment.

Carcinogen

A substance that can cause cancer. Examples include tobacco smoke and certain chemicals.

Staging

A process that determines how far cancer has spread. It helps guide treatment decisions.

Grading

A measure of how abnormal cancer cells look. It helps predict how quickly cancer may grow.

Immunotherapy

A treatment that boosts the immune system to fight cancer. It can improve long term outcomes.

Targeted Therapy

A treatment that focuses on specific cancer cell features. It often has fewer side effects.

Palliative Care

Care that focuses on comfort and quality of life. It supports people with serious illness.

Tumor Marker

A substance found in blood or tissue that may indicate cancer. It helps monitor treatment.

Surgery

A procedure to remove cancer or affected tissue. It is often part of treatment.

Radiologist

A specialist who interprets imaging tests. They help detect and monitor cancer.

Survivorship

The phase of life after cancer treatment. It includes follow up care and support.

Growth Chart

A tool that tracks height weight and development. It helps identify growth patterns.

Milestone

A skill that children typically achieve at certain ages. Delays may signal developmental concerns.

Immunization

A vaccine that protects children from disease. It strengthens the immune system.

Well Child Visit

A routine checkup to monitor growth and health. It includes screening and education.

Pediatric Dose

A medication amount adjusted for a childs size. It ensures safety and effectiveness.

Teething

The process of baby teeth emerging. It can cause fussiness and drooling.

Colic

Crying episodes in infants without a clear cause. It usually improves with time.

Bonding

The emotional connection between a child and caregiver. It supports healthy development.

Separation Anxiety

Distress when a child is away from caregivers. It is common in early childhood.

Play Therapy

A method that helps children express feelings. It uses toys and activities.

Developmental Delay

Slower progress in skills such as walking or talking. Early intervention can help.

Failure to Thrive

Poor growth in infants or children. It may result from medical or social factors.

Pediatric Assessment

An evaluation of a childs health. It includes physical and developmental checks.

Congenital Condition

A condition present at birth. It may affect structure or function.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A common virus that affects young children. It can cause breathing problems.

Ear Infection

A common childhood illness. It can cause pain fever and irritability.

Dehydration

A lack of fluids in the body. Children can become dehydrated quickly.

Nutrition Needs

The dietary requirements for growth. Children need balanced meals for development.

Safety Measures

Steps taken to prevent injury. They include supervision and childproofing.

School Readiness

A childs ability to participate in learning. It includes social and cognitive skills.

Aging Process

The natural changes that occur over time. It affects physical cognitive and emotional health.

Frailty

A condition of reduced strength and resilience. It increases vulnerability to illness.

Mobility

A persons ability to move independently. Reduced mobility affects daily activities.

Fall Risk

The likelihood of falling due to weakness or imbalance. Identifying risks helps prevent injury.

Cognitive Decline

A decrease in memory or thinking skills. It may occur gradually.

Dementia

A condition that affects memory thinking and behavior. It interferes with daily life.

Delirium

A sudden change in mental status. It often results from illness or medication.

Activities of Daily Living

Basic tasks such as bathing dressing and eating. They help measure independence.

Instrumental Activities

More complex tasks such as shopping or managing money. They require higher cognitive function.

Caregiver Burden

Stress experienced by those providing care. It can affect health and well being.

Polypharmacy

The use of multiple medications. It increases the risk of side effects.

Incontinence

Loss of bladder or bowel control. It can affect dignity and comfort.

Nutrition Status

A measure of dietary intake and health. Poor nutrition increases health risks.

Skin Integrity

The condition of the skin. Older adults are more prone to breakdown.

Social Isolation

A lack of social contact. It can affect mental and physical health.

Advanced Age

A stage of life where health needs increase. It requires specialized care.

Chronic Condition

A long term health issue. Many older adults manage multiple conditions.

Support Network

People who help with emotional or physical needs. Strong networks improve outcomes.

Functional Assessment

An evaluation of a persons abilities. It helps plan care.

Quality of Life

A measure of well being and satisfaction. It includes physical emotional and social factors.

Medication

A substance used to treat or prevent illness. It must be taken as directed.

Dose

The amount of medication given at one time. Correct dosing ensures safety.

Side Effect

An unwanted reaction to a medication. Some side effects are mild while others require attention.

Contraindication

A reason a medication should not be used. It helps prevent harm.

Absorption

The process of medication entering the bloodstream. It affects how quickly a drug works.

Distribution

The movement of medication through the body. It determines where the drug has an effect.

Metabolism

The breakdown of medication in the body. The liver plays a major role.

Excretion

The removal of medication from the body. The kidneys are often involved.

Therapeutic Effect

The desired action of a medication. It shows the drug is working.

Toxicity

A harmful effect caused by too much medication. It requires immediate attention.

Half Life

The time it takes for half of a drug to leave the body. It affects dosing schedules.

Interaction

A reaction between two medications. It can increase or decrease effectiveness.

Generic Name

The standard name of a medication. It is not brand specific.

Brand Name

The name given by a manufacturer. It may differ from the generic name.

Route

The way a medication enters the body. Examples include oral topical and intravenous.

Compliance

Taking medication as prescribed. Good compliance improves outcomes.

Allergy

An immune reaction to a medication. It can cause rash swelling or breathing problems.

Therapeutic Range

The concentration where a medication is effective but not harmful. Levels outside this range can cause issues.

Overdose

Taking too much medication. It can be accidental or intentional.

Titration

Adjusting medication dose gradually. It helps find the most effective amount.

Anxiety

A feeling of worry or fear that can affect daily life. It may cause physical symptoms like tension.

Depression

A condition marked by persistent sadness. It can affect sleep appetite and energy.

Coping Skills

Strategies used to manage stress. Healthy coping improves resilience.

Stress

A physical and emotional response to pressure. Long term stress can affect health.

Trauma

An emotional response to a distressing event. It can have long lasting effects.

Mood

A persons emotional state. Changes in mood can signal mental health concerns.

Therapy

A treatment that helps people manage thoughts and emotions. It can be individual or group based.

Counseling

A supportive process that helps people solve problems. It focuses on communication and guidance.

Mindfulness

A practice of focusing on the present moment. It helps reduce stress and improve awareness.

Self Esteem

A persons sense of self worth. Low self esteem can affect mental health.

Behavior

Actions or reactions to situations. Behavior changes may indicate emotional concerns.

Support System

People who provide emotional or practical help. Strong support improves well being.

Crisis

A situation where a person feels overwhelmed. It may require immediate support.

Burnout

A state of emotional and physical exhaustion. It often results from prolonged stress.

Resilience

The ability to recover from challenges. It helps people adapt to change.

Boundaries

Limits that protect emotional well being. Healthy boundaries support relationships.

Well Being

A state of overall mental and emotional health. It includes balance and satisfaction.

Adjustment

The process of adapting to change. Difficulty adjusting may cause stress.

Insight

Understanding ones own thoughts and feelings. It supports personal growth.

Motivation

The drive to take action. Low motivation can affect daily functioning.

Calorie

A unit that measures energy from food. The body uses calories for all physical functions.

Protein

A nutrient that helps build and repair tissues. It is essential for muscle and immune health.

Carbohydrate

A nutrient that provides quick energy. It is found in grains fruits and vegetables.

Fat

A nutrient that supports cell function and energy storage. Healthy fats help protect organs.

Fiber

A plant based nutrient that aids digestion. It helps regulate bowel movements.

Vitamin

A nutrient needed in small amounts for body functions. Different vitamins support different systems.

Mineral

An essential element that supports body processes. Examples include calcium and iron.

Hydration

The balance of fluids in the body. Proper hydration supports digestion and circulation.

Malnutrition

A condition caused by lack of proper nutrients. It can lead to weakness and illness.

Dehydration

A condition where the body loses more fluid than it takes in. It can cause dizziness and confusion.

Metabolism

The process of converting food into energy. It varies based on age and activity.

Electrolytes

Minerals that help regulate fluid balance and muscle function. They must stay within normal levels.

Sodium

A mineral that helps control fluid balance. Too much can raise blood pressure.

Potassium

A mineral that supports heart and muscle function. Low levels can cause weakness.

Calcium

A mineral needed for strong bones and teeth. It also supports muscle contraction.

Iron

A mineral that helps carry oxygen in the blood. Low levels can cause anemia.

Cholesterol

A substance found in the blood and some foods. High levels can increase heart disease risk.

Balanced Diet

A diet that includes all major nutrients. It supports overall health.

Supplement

A product taken to add nutrients to the diet. It may be used when intake is low.

Daily Value

A guideline showing recommended nutrient intake. It helps people understand food labels.

Ambulation

The act of walking from one place to another. It helps maintain strength and independence.

Transfer

Moving from one surface to another. Examples include bed to chair or chair to toilet.

Gait Belt

A belt used to support a person during movement. It helps prevent falls.

Assistive Device

A tool that helps with mobility. Examples include walkers canes and crutches.

Range of Motion

The amount of movement a joint can perform. It helps assess flexibility.

Active Exercise

Movements performed by the person. They help build strength.

Passive Exercise

Movements performed by someone else. They help maintain flexibility.

Weight Bearing

The amount of weight a person can safely place on a limb. It is determined by the provider.

Balance

The ability to stay upright and steady. Poor balance increases fall risk.

Coordination

The ability to move smoothly and accurately. It affects daily activities.

Posture

The alignment of the body. Good posture reduces strain.

Repositioning

Changing body position to prevent pressure injuries. It improves comfort.

Bed Mobility

The ability to move in bed. It includes rolling and sitting up.

Fall Risk

The likelihood of falling. It is assessed regularly.

Orthostatic Change

A drop in blood pressure when standing. It may cause dizziness.

Endurance

The ability to sustain activity over time. It improves with practice.

Strength

The ability of muscles to produce force. It supports movement.

Flexibility

The ability of muscles and joints to stretch. It helps prevent injury.

Mobility Aid

A device that helps with movement. It increases safety.

Functional Mobility

The ability to move safely during daily tasks. It supports independence.

Medication

A substance used to treat or prevent illness. It must be given safely and correctly.

Dose

The specific amount of medication to be taken. It is measured carefully to avoid harm.

Route

The way a medication enters the body. Common routes include oral topical and intravenous.

Schedule

The timing of medication doses. Following the schedule ensures effectiveness.

Side Effect

An unwanted reaction to a medication. Some are mild while others require attention.

Adverse Reaction

A harmful or unexpected response to a medication. It may require stopping the drug.

Allergy

An immune response to a medication. Symptoms may include rash swelling or breathing problems.

Contraindication

A reason a medication should not be used. It helps prevent harm.

PRN

A medication given as needed. It is used for symptoms like pain or nausea.

Standing Order

A preapproved instruction for medication use. It allows timely treatment.

Transcription

The process of copying medication orders. Accuracy is essential.

Administration Record

A document showing when medications were given. It helps track treatment.

Double Check

A safety step where two people verify a medication. It reduces errors.

Crushing

Breaking a pill into smaller pieces. It is only done when safe for the medication.

Dispensing

Preparing and giving out medications. It must follow safety rules.

Absorption

The process of medication entering the bloodstream. It affects how quickly it works.

Peak Level

The highest concentration of a medication in the blood. It helps monitor effectiveness.

Trough Level

The lowest concentration before the next dose. It helps adjust dosing.

Therapeutic Range

The safe and effective concentration of a medication. Levels outside this range may cause harm.

Documentation

Recording medication administration. It ensures accuracy and communication.

Specimen

A sample of blood urine or tissue collected for testing. Proper handling ensures accurate results.

Culture

A test that grows microorganisms to identify infection. It helps determine appropriate treatment.

Sensitivity Test

A test that identifies which medications can kill bacteria. It guides antibiotic selection.

Reference Range

The normal range of values for a test. Results outside this range may indicate a problem.

CBC

A test that measures blood cell levels. It helps diagnose anemia infection and other conditions.

Urinalysis

A test that examines urine for abnormalities. It can detect infection dehydration or kidney issues.

Biopsy

The removal of tissue for examination. It helps diagnose diseases such as cancer.

Glucose Test

A test that measures sugar levels in the blood. It helps diagnose diabetes and monitor treatment.

Electrolyte Panel

A test that measures minerals such as sodium and potassium. It helps assess hydration and organ function.

Lipid Panel

A test that measures cholesterol and fat levels. It helps evaluate heart disease risk.

Hemoglobin A1C

A test that measures average blood sugar over time. It helps monitor diabetes control.

Coagulation Test

A test that measures how quickly blood clots. It helps diagnose bleeding or clotting disorders.

Enzyme Test

A test that measures enzyme levels in the blood. Abnormal levels can indicate organ damage.

Toxicology Screen

A test that detects drugs or toxins. It is used in emergencies or monitoring programs.

Blood Culture

A test that identifies bacteria in the bloodstream. It helps diagnose serious infections.

Stool Test

A test that examines stool for infection bleeding or digestive issues. It helps diagnose gastrointestinal problems.

Thyroid Panel

A test that measures thyroid hormone levels. It helps diagnose thyroid disorders.

Liver Function Test

A test that measures liver enzymes and proteins. It helps detect inflammation or damage.

Kidney Function Test

A test that measures waste levels in the blood. It helps assess kidney health.

Protein Test

A test that measures protein levels in blood or urine. Abnormal levels may indicate disease.

Data Analytics

The process of examining data to find patterns and insights. It helps improve decision making in healthcare.

Interoperability

The ability of different systems to exchange and use information. It supports coordinated and efficient care.

Health Information System

A digital system used to manage health data. It supports clinical administrative and financial functions.

Clinical Decision Support

Tools that provide alerts reminders or suggestions to help providers make informed choices. They improve safety and efficiency.

Data Mining

The process of analyzing large datasets to discover trends. It helps identify risks and opportunities.

Coding System

A standardized method for labeling diagnoses and procedures. It ensures consistency across organizations.

Data Governance

Policies that guide how data is managed and protected. It ensures accuracy privacy and security.

Structured Data

Information organized in a defined format. It is easy to search analyze and compare.

Unstructured Data

Information not organized in a predefined format. Examples include notes narratives and images.

Health Informatics

The field that combines healthcare information technology and data science. It aims to improve care quality and efficiency.

Data Quality

The accuracy completeness and reliability of information. High quality data supports safe care.

Information Security

Measures used to protect data from unauthorized access. It includes technical and administrative safeguards.

User Interface

The part of a system that users interact with. A good interface improves efficiency and reduces errors.

Data Warehouse

A large repository of data collected from multiple sources. It supports reporting and analysis.

Clinical Workflow

The sequence of tasks in patient care. Informatics tools should support and streamline workflow.

Data Standard

A rule that defines how information is formatted and exchanged. It ensures compatibility between systems.

Health Information Exchange

The secure sharing of health data across organizations. It improves continuity of care.

Metadata

Information that describes other data. It helps organize and manage digital information.

Data Encryption

A method of protecting information by converting it into unreadable form. It ensures privacy during storage and transmission.

System Integration

The process of connecting different technologies so they work together. It improves efficiency and reduces duplication.