Musculoskeletal Terminology

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Muscle

A tissue that contracts to produce movement. It supports posture and strength.

Bone

A hard structure that forms the skeleton. It protects organs and supports the body.

Joint

A place where two bones meet. It allows movement.

Tendon

A tissue that connects muscle to bone. It helps produce motion.

Ligament

A tissue that connects bone to bone. It stabilizes joints.

Cartilage

A smooth tissue that cushions joints. It reduces friction during movement.

Flexion

A bending movement that decreases joint angle. It brings body parts closer.

Extension

A straightening movement that increases joint angle. It moves body parts apart.

Rotation

A circular movement around an axis. It occurs in joints like the shoulder.

Strain

An injury to muscle or tendon. It often results from overstretching.

Sprain

An injury to a ligament. It may cause swelling and pain.

Fracture

A break in a bone. Treatment depends on severity.

Arthritis

Inflammation of a joint. It can cause pain and stiffness.

Osteoporosis

A condition where bones become weak. It increases fracture risk.

Range of Motion

The amount of movement a joint can perform. It helps assess flexibility.

Atrophy

A decrease in muscle size. It may occur from inactivity.

Spasm

An involuntary muscle contraction. It can be painful.

Alignment

The proper positioning of bones and joints. Good alignment prevents injury.

Gait

The pattern of walking. Changes may indicate musculoskeletal issues.

Rehabilitation

Exercises and therapies that restore function. It helps recovery after injury.