Cornea
The clear front surface of the eye. It helps focus light.
Retina
The layer at the back of the eye that senses light. It sends signals to the brain.
Lens
A clear structure that focuses light onto the retina. It changes shape to adjust vision.
Pupil
The opening in the center of the eye. It controls how much light enters.
Iris
The colored part of the eye. It adjusts the pupil size.
Optic Nerve
The nerve that carries visual signals to the brain. Damage can affect vision.
Cataract
A clouding of the lens. It can cause blurry vision.
Glaucoma
A condition where pressure damages the optic nerve. It can lead to vision loss.
Macula
The central part of the retina. It provides sharp detailed vision.
Floaters
Small spots seen in vision. They are usually harmless but can indicate issues.
Visual Acuity
A measure of clarity of vision. It is often tested with an eye chart.
Peripheral Vision
Side vision outside the central focus. Loss may indicate eye disease.
Refraction
The bending of light as it enters the eye. It determines the need for glasses.
Astigmatism
A condition where the cornea is irregularly shaped. It causes blurred vision.
Nearsightedness
A condition where close objects are clear but distant ones are blurry. It is also called myopia.
Farsightedness
A condition where distant objects are clear but close ones are blurry. It is also called hyperopia.
Dry Eye
A condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears. It can cause irritation.
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the eye lining. It can cause redness and discharge.
Ophthalmoscope
A tool used to examine the inside of the eye. It helps detect disease.
Field Test
A test that measures peripheral vision. It helps diagnose glaucoma.