Neurology Terminology

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Neuron

A nerve cell that sends signals through the body. It supports movement and sensation.

Synapse

The space where nerve cells communicate. Signals pass through chemicals.

Reflex

An automatic response to a stimulus. It helps protect the body.

Seizure

A burst of abnormal brain activity. It can cause shaking or loss of awareness.

Stroke

A condition caused by blocked or bleeding vessels in the brain. It affects function.

Paralysis

Loss of movement in part of the body. It may result from nerve damage.

Numbness

A loss of sensation. It may indicate nerve problems.

Tremor

An involuntary shaking movement. It may be caused by neurological conditions.

Cognition

Mental processes such as thinking and memory. Changes may indicate illness.

Memory

The ability to store and recall information. It can decline with age or disease.

Balance

The ability to stay upright and steady. It involves the brain and inner ear.

Coordination

The ability to move smoothly and accurately. It may be affected by brain injury.

Migraine

A severe headache often with nausea or sensitivity to light. It may last hours.

Neuropathy

Damage to nerves causing pain or numbness. It often affects the feet.

Spasm

An involuntary muscle contraction. It may be painful.

Alertness

A state of being awake and responsive. Reduced alertness may indicate illness.

Speech

The ability to communicate verbally. Problems may result from brain injury.

Motor Skills

Movements controlled by the brain. They may be fine or gross.

Sensory Function

The ability to feel touch pain or temperature. It may be reduced by nerve damage.

Rehabilitation

Therapies that help restore function after neurological injury.